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Equador: Difference between revisions
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The region where Equador lies today was already inhabited by humans since 12,000 BC. Around 1000 BC to 1000 AD, complex societies developed along the Atlantic coast and in the Amazon river bank. It’s unknown how those societies ended, by the time of the European arrival they were long gone. In the early 17th century, the region was inhabited by many indigenous groups such as the Tupi, Jê and Caribs. The first Portuguese settlement in the region was the city of Belém built in 1616. During the colonial period, the main economic activity of the colony was the export of fruits and grains.
=== War for Independence (1875-1879) ===
In 1874, Portugal abolished slavery in the totality of its territories. At this time, the Portuguese colony of Equador and its agrarian economy was heavily dependent on slave labor. To appease the ex-slave owners the Portuguese crown promised to pay a certain quantity of money for each now free individual. After a year of negotiations not leading to a result, adding to other issues facing the colony such as: the monopoly of Lisbon over the economy, lack of political representation and high taxation lead to a revolt started by the economic elite.
The revolt quickly spread, and with the help of an discontent military, claiming that the class didn’t receive enough recognition from the government, took over the colony and proclaimed an independent republic. The city of Recife was chosen as the capital.
The newly formed Equadorian government declared the end of slavery in 1875. It was an move to prevent a low-class rebellion starting in the country weakening its forces. But although all former enslaved were free on paper, without public
Fighting against Portuguese forces took place in various areas of the country, but the Equadorian
Equador was finally recognized by Portugal in 1879, but conflict on the country were far from its closure, as a new revolt started two years prior on the eastern coast.
==== Pernambuco Secession War (1877-1882) ====
By 1877, the country was too unstable. there were power struggles and coalitions to rig local and regional elections. This led to a series of protests in the capital Recife. Later in the same year, it evolved to full scale revolt when protesters were shot (allegedly) by order of the government.
The rebels took control of the eastern side of the country in the period of five years, obligating the Equadorian government to flee to Belém. The Republic of Pernambuco was born and established Recife as its capital. The Pernambucans received help especially from Bahia. South Tussenland also had a minor role in the conflict on the Pernambuco behalf. In 1882, the border between Equador and Pernambuco was decided to be between the states of Maranhão and Grão-Pará.
=== Equador in the late-19th Century ===
==== The Roraima border dispute ====
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