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English language (view source)

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Redid page and added phonology (it's OTL RP phonology for now, will see if I can change it)
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(Redid page and added phonology (it's OTL RP phonology for now, will see if I can change it))
 
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{{Infobox language|boxsize=200px|name=English|region=Worldwide|fam1=Scythian|fam2=Germanic|fam3=North Sea|fam4=Anglic|states=[[England]]|nation=[[United Kingdom]] </br> [[Ireland]] </br> [[New England]] </br> [[Virginia]] </br> [[Georgia]] </br> [[Carolina]] </br> [[Carnatic]] </br> [[Natalia]] </br> [[Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands|Bahamas]] </br> [[West Indies Union]] </br> [[Guiana]] </br> [[Jamaica]]|script=Latin|image=File:Shakespeare.jpg|imagecaption=Shakespeare'sChaucer works are considered some of the most widely influential pieces of English literatureknight.jpg}}
 
'''English''' is(''English'', a Germanic[[English language#Phonology|[ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]]]) ofis thea westernWest branchGermanic language originating in [[England|southern Britain]],. variouslyThe classifiedlanguage asbelongs part ofto the North Sea andsubgroup Anglicalong languagewith groups.other Despiteclosely itsrelated Germaniclanguages such natureas Frisian, overLow halfSaxon, ofand EnglishPomeranian. vocabularyThe is5th ofcentury Romancesaw origin.Anglo-Saxon settlers Bybegin the middleformation of the 20th centurylanguage, Englishwhile hadmedieval beenNorman designatedinvasions anof officialEngland languageand insubsequent overphonological tenand countriesorthographic andchanges islaid the working languagefoundation of modern English. With the [[Organizationexpansion of Democraticthe Nations]].British TheEmpire, today the English language is one of international status, being spokenrecognized overin asome vastofficial area,capacity hasby aover multitudetwenty ofsovereign dialectsstates and creolesorganizations.
 
While no formal regulatory institution exists for English, bodies such as the Oxford Dictionary, the [[United Kingdom#Government and Politics|Government of the United Kingdom]], and the [[Anglo–Caroline Society]] act as ''de facto'' conservators and authorities. As a global tongue, English is manifested in a multitude of dialects and creoles across the globe, making the notion of a universal pronunciation almost inconceivable; however, the Received Pronunciation standard of southern England has been widely accepted as the most formal and prestigious since the early 19th century.
It began its formation in the 5th century with the arrival of Anglo-Saxon settlers to [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]]. Norman French influence in the 11th century transformed Old English into Middle English, while extensive contact with [[Dutch language|Dutch]] in the 17th century as well as a literary renaissance and phonological changes pushed the language into its modern form by the reign of [[William III]]. It was also around this time that English became a globally influential language as a consequence of the rise of the British empire. Today, it is considered an internationally important language alongside Dutch.
 
== History ==
 
== Geographic distributionPhonology ==
 
==== VarietiesConsonants ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Post-alveolar
!Dorsal
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|
|n
|
|ŋ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!{{abbr|v.|Voiced}}
|b
|
|d
|
|g
|
|-
!{{abbr|vl.|Voiceless}}
|p
|
|t
|
|k
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
!{{abbr|v.|Voiced}}
|
|
|
|dʒ
|
|
|-
!{{abbr|vl.|Voiceless}}
|
|
|
|tʃ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!{{abbr|v.|Voiced}}
|v
|ð
|z
|ʒ
|
| rowspan="2" |h
|-
!{{abbr|vl.|Voiceless}}
|f
|θ
|s
|ʃ
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|w
|
|l
|r
|j
|
|}
 
==== PhonologyVowels ====
 
{|
| style="vertical-align: top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!{{abbr|s.|Short vowel}}
!{{abbr|l.|Long vowel}}
!{{abbr|s.|Short vowel}}
!{{abbr|l.|Long vowel}}
|-
!Close
|ɪ
|iː
|
|ʊ
|ʉː
|-
!Mid
|e
|
|ə
|ʌ
|ɔː
|-
!Open
|æ
|
|ɜː
|ɒ
|ɑː
|}
| style="vertical-align: top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Fronting
!Centering
!Backing
|-
|ej
|ɪə
| rowspan="2" |əw
|-
|ɔj
|ɛə
|-
|aj
|ʊə
|aw
|}
|}
 
== VocabularyOrthography ==
 
== See also ==
Tomartino
rtl-contributors
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