Corea: Difference between revisions

|local_name=대한단국 (Hankoel) <br />大韓檀國 (Handja)<br />Tehantankoek (Keukenkamp)

|flag=

|map=Post-GW Corea.png

|motto=

|government_type=Presidential republic

|area=

|languages= Corean (official)<br /> Yo Mandarin <br /> Manchu

|currency=Corean Wan (CRW)<br /> }}

'''Corea''' (Hankeol: 대한단국; Handja: 大韓檀國; [[Keukenkamp romanisation|Keukenkamp]]: ''Tehantankoek'') is a country in East Asia. The nation borders [[Russia]] to the north, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea Palhe Sea] and West Corean Sea to the west, and the East Corean Sea to the east.

Coreans usually refer to their country as 한국 (hankoek) or colloquially 우리나라 (oeri nara, lit. ''our nation''). Less common forms include the name of the previous dynasties 서광 (sagwang, lit. ''aurora'') and 조선 (tsjasan, lit. ''morning calm''). The latter, still used to refer to Corea in some countries, comes from the Handja 朝鮮 (Mandarin: ''chao-hsien'', Japanese: ''chōsen'') and is used in Corea's northern provinces which had been under Chinese rule for a millenium.

[[File:DA49A5C9-DE22-4013-8C52-A1F89FB42B89.jpg|thumb|326x326px|Tedjo (1849-1921), founder of the Sjakwang Dynasty.]]

==== Executive Authority ====

Drawn from Confucian beliefs, education is one of the most important sectors of Corean society. A majority of young adults go into third-level education. The oldest advanced institution in the country is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungkyunkwan Sjangkjoenkwan], while the first modern university is the Hansjang-based Hangaang University [한강대학교], established in 1859. Other notable institutions include [http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0030358 Sohjan College] [소현서원] in Hedju and Kankoek University [건국대학교] in Pjangjang.

One of the most widely reproduced and translated modern Corean books is Silhak scholar [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_Jega Park Je-ga]'s ''[[Observations on Great Qing and Little Anping]]'' [大清와小安平觀察], published in 1778. It documents the scholar's travels through the Qing dynasty and [[Tauland]]. While also giving vivid descriptions of late 18th century Asia, it notes the structure and origin of the Tauuan States-General, the form of Sino-Dutch fortifications, and the incompetence of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_Navy Chinese Imperial Navy].

During the Tsjosan period, Coreans called themselves the 조선인 (lit. ''tsjosan people''). After 1883, the Sjakwang state mandated the switch to 서광인 (lit. ''sakwang people''), though most people in the Sinosphere casually used the old term. Following the fall of Sjakwang during the 1930s, the new Corean state finally changed the ethnonational collective term to Han (韓), the ancient term used for and by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhan ancient Corean confederacies].

Christianity, both Catholicism [천주교] & Protestantism [개신교], were introduced to Corea by the 17th century. King Sandjong, having spent much time with Catholics in Peking and [[Taulandt culture & People|Protestants in colonial Tauland]], initiated regular contact between Christian entities and the Corean state. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company VOC]'s annexation of Yjang Island created a permanent base of Christian culture on the Corean peninsula, allowing for an exchange of religion and culture. It is estimated that by 1850, 2 in 10 Coreans affiliated themselves with Christian doctrine in some form.

The new religions of Corea, known as ''the'' 'indigenous religions' [자생종교/自生宗敎, ''tsjaseng tsjongjo''] by its proponents, are a group of syncretic native religions that emerged during the early 19th century. Components of these religions were derived from Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and most crucially Corean shamanism. The public's dissatisfaction with both Neo-Confucianism and Christianity during the late Tsjasan period further intensified the development of these religions.

Corean shamanism [고신도/古神道, ''gosjindo''] is the ancient ethnic religion of the Corean people.

==== Late Tsjosan Period (1623-1883), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Yi House of Yi] ====

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injo_of_Joseon Indjo] (1623-1649)

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Prince_Sohyeon Sangdjong] (1649-1670)

* Sindjong (1670-1704)

* Hjandjo (1704-1724)

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon Yjandjo] (1724-1776)

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeongjo_of_Joseon Jandjo] (1776-1800)

* Indjong (1800-1833)

* Kjangdjo (1833-1865)

* Hjodjang (1865-1883)

==== Sjakwang (1883-1935), [[House of Ki]] ====

* [[Tedjo of Sjakwang|Tedjo]] (1883-1921)

* Hjodjo (1921-1935)

==== National Republic (1935-1980) ====