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{{Infobox country|demonym=Corean|common_name=Corea|conventional_long_name=Corean National Republic|native_name=대한공민국|image_flag=Nationalist Corea 2.png|capital=Rjoekjang|largest_city=Hansjang|official_languages=[[Corean language|Corean]]|government_type=Unitary [[National republicanism|national republic]]|image_map=RTL Corean National Republic Locator.png|map_width=250px}}
{{Nation|common_name=Corea
|full_name= Republic of Corea
|local_name=Tehantankoek
|flag=Nationalist Corea 2.png
|map=Corean National Republic Map 1945.png
|established=1980
|capital= Pjangjang
|largest_city=Hansjang
|government_type=Unitary national republic
|languages= [[Corean]] (official) <br /> [[Mandarin]] <br /> Manchu
|currency=Corean wan }}
 
'''Corea''', (Hankeol:officially 대한단국; Handja: 大韓檀國; [[Keukenkamp romanisation|Keukenkamp]]:the ''Tehantankoek''),Corean officially theNational Republic'''Republic of(Corean: 대한공민국, 大韓公民國, Corea''Dêhan-gongmin-goeg',') is a country in Easteast Asia. It shares a land border with [[RussiaPoeja]] to the north and maritime boundaries with [[China]] and [[Japan]]. EstablishedThe incountry 1935,was a monarchy under the RepublicDjôson dynasty overthrewuntil 1883 and then the [[HistoryHouse of Corea#Sjakwang period (1883-1936)Ki|SjakwangSôgwang dynasty]], auntil short-lived1936, statewhen thata [[HistoryNational of Corea#Kjemi Couprepublicanism|topplednational therepublic]] Tsjasanwas in 1883]]established.
 
== Etymology ==
The official name of the country in [[Corean]] is 대한단국, usually simply translated as 'great Corean state of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangun Tankoen]'. However, the 단 (檀, ''tan'') has multiple meanings in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja Handja]: it can refer to the color crimson, sandalwood trees, alms, and most commonly the founder of Corea, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangun Tankoen].
 
In English, 'Corea' itself (Dutch: ''Corea'', French: ''Corée'', [[Amerikaens#Tussenlandic Amerikaens|Tussenlandic]]: ''Corrî'') comes from a corruption of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo Korja], a Corean kingdom. Its earliest attested form in Europe was Latin ''Caule'', which became Old Dutch ''Core'' before transforming into its modern variant.
 
== History ==
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== Government and Politics ==
 
==== Evolution of the executive ====
The Tsjosan and Sjakwang dynasties were both monarchies, with each monarch having varying degrees of political authority throughout history. Before 1883, the highest-ranking minister was called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeonguijeong Chief State Councillor] and had remained the apex of government since 1400. This eventually morphed into the modern position of Prime Minister during the Sjakwang period.
 
== Demographics ==
 
==== Language ====
[[Corean]] is the official and majority language of the Republic of Corea, spoken by over 95% of the population. Minority languages spoken include Manchu and Mandarin.
 
==== Beliefs ====
As of 1980, 48% of the Corean population was estimated to generally follow Confucianism and folk religion, separate from any religious institution. A further 26% practiced Buddhism, 11% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_new_religions new religions], 10% Protestantism, 3% Roman Catholicism, & 2% other.
 
==== Education ====
Drawn from Confucian beliefs, education is one of the most important sectors of Corean society. A majority of young adults go into third-level education. The oldest advanced institution in the country is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungkyunkwan Sjangkjoenkwan], while the first modern university is the Hansjang-based Hangaang University (Hankoel: 한강대학교), established in 1859. Other notable institutions include [http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0030358 Sohjan College] (소현서원) in Hedju and Kankoek University (건국대학교) in Pjangjang.
 
== Culture ==
*[[Corean{{Main|Corean language]]}}▼
 
==== Literature ====
One of the most widely reproduced and translated modern Corean books is Silhak scholar [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_Jega Park Je-ga]'s ''[[Observations on Great Qing and Little Anping]]'' (Chinese: 大清와小安平觀察), published in 1778. It documents the scholar's travels through the Qing dynasty and [[Tauland]]. While also giving vivid descriptions of late 18th century Asia, it notes the structure and origin of the Tauuan States-General, the form of Sino-Dutch fortifications, and the incompetence of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_Navy Chinese Imperial Navy].
 
==== Collective Identity ====
During the Tsjosan period, Coreans called themselves the 조선인 (lit. ''tsjosan people''). After 1883, the state mandated the switch to Sjakwang (Hankoel: 서광인), though most people in the Sinosphere casually used the old term. Following the fall of Sjakwang during the 1930s, the new Corean state finally changed the ethnonational collective term to Han (Chinese: 韓), the ancient term used for and by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhan ancient Corean confederacies].
[[File:Korean Mary.png|thumb|321x321px|A painting of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus surrounded by multiethnic children, representing the worldwide Christian community (1910s, Oelsan). ]]
 
== Religion ==
 
==== Christianity ====
Christianity, both Catholicism (Hankoel: 천주교) and Protestantism (개신교), were introduced to Corea by the 17th century. King Sandjong, having spent much time with Catholics in Peking and [[Taulandt culture & People|Protestants in colonial Tauland]], initiated regular contact between Christian entities and the Corean state. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company VOC]'s annexation of Yjang Island created a permanent base of Christian culture on the Corean peninsula, allowing for an exchange of religion and culture. It is estimated that by 1850, 2 in 10 Coreans affiliated themselves with Christian doctrine in some form.
 
==== Corean new religions ====
The new religions of Corea, known as the 'indigenous religions' (Hankoel: 자생종교, Chinese: 自生宗敎) by its proponents, are a group of syncretic native religions that emerged during the early 19th century. Components of these religions were derived from Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and most crucially Corean shamanism. The public's dissatisfaction with both Neo-Confucianism and Christianity during the late Tsjasan period further intensified the development of these religions.
 
==== Buddhism ====
As the state religion of the Korjo dynasty, Buddhism was heavily suppressed during the Tsjasan period. It became popular among Corean women and peasants as an alternative to Confucian doctrine.
 
==== Shamanism ====
Corean shamanism (Hankoel: 고신도, Chinese: 古神道) is the ancient ethnic religion of the Corean people.
 
== List of leaders ==
{{Main|List of leaders of Corea}}
 
==== Late [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Yi House of Yi] ====
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injo_of_Joseon Indjo] (인조, 1623-1649)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Prince_Sohyeon Sangdjong] (성종, 1649-1670)
* Sindjong (신종, 1670-1704)
* Hjandjo (현조, 1704-1724)
* Tsjedjong (재종, 1724-1766)
*Sjandjong (선종,1766-1771)
*Sjandjo (선조, 1771-1823)
*Tsjoengdjong (충종, 1823-1833)
* Kjangdjo (경조, 1833-1865)
* Hjodjong (효종, 1865-1883)
 
==== [[House of Ki]] ====
 
* [[Tedjo of Sjakwang|Tedjo]] (태조, 1883-1921)
* Hjodjo (효조, 1921-1935)
 
*
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Poeja]]
* [[Great Qing]]
▲*[[Corean|Corean language]]
*[[Tedjo of Sjakwang|King Tedjo]]
{{Nations of the World}}
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