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==== The Luso-Brazilian Compromise (1922) ====
==== The Luso-Brazilian Compromise (1922) ====
The end of the colonial rule in Carolina sparked once again the feeling of nationalism and independence in Brazil, many republican authors, republican associations and communard societies across Brazil started to advocate for the end of Portuguese rule in the continent. These ideals gained more force after Brazil got hit directly by the economic crisis in Europe during most of the 1920s.
The end of the colonial rule in Carolina sparked once again the feeling of nationalism and independence in Brasil, many republican authors, republican associations and communard societies across Brasil started to advocate for the end of Portuguese rule in the continent. These ideals gained more force after Brasil got hit directly by the economic crisis in Europe during most of the 1920s.


The economic crisis hit Brazil severely, coffee customers across the world, Brazil’s most important economic partners, started to reduce the purchase of the product, thus the many coffee plantations started to suffer from overproduction and devaluation of the prices. Many businesses closed and unemployment skyrocketed. In this context, opposition to the semi-colonial government of Brazil started to gain force. Many saw the problem as consequences of the crown heavily influencing the political and economic decisions, and from August 1922 to November of the same year, protests demanding more political freedoms, and in the most radical cases, total independence, started to happen.
The economic crisis hit Brasil severely, coffee customers across the world, Brazil’s most important economic partners, started to reduce the purchase of the product, thus the many coffee plantations started to suffer from overproduction and devaluation of the prices. Many businesses closed and unemployment skyrocketed. In this context, opposition to the semi-colonial government of Brazil started to gain force. Many saw the problem as consequences of the crown heavily influencing the political and economic decisions, and from August 1922 to November of the same year, protests demanding more political freedoms, and in the most radical cases, total independence, started to happen.


On November the 2nd, 1922, in a radio broadcast, the province president of São Paulo, Rafael Tobias, declared a revolt. The province of Minas Gerais followed the same strategy soon later in the same day. The presidents of the two provinces had been in secret talks since September of 1922, the plan was to send an ultimatum to the crown. To prevent a bloody conflict in the continent, the rebel provinces stated openage to dialogue with the crown.
On November the 2nd, 1922, in a radio broadcast, the province president of São Paulo, Rafael Tobias, declared a revolt. The province of Minas Gerais followed the same strategy soon later in the same day. The presidents of the two provinces had been in secret talks since September of 1922, the plan was to send an ultimatum to the crown. To prevent a bloody conflict in the continent, the rebel provinces stated openage to dialogue with the crown.


Portugal wasn’t in shape to fight a war thousands of kilometers away, and in telegram, agreed to discuss terms with the new Brazilian Government, which already comprised four of the six provinces of Brazil. On November 25th, Portuguese envoys and the Brazilian Independent Government gathered in Rio de Janeiro to solve the situation diplomatically.
Portugal wasn’t in shape to fight a war thousands of kilometers away, and in telegram, agreed to discuss terms with the new Brazilian Government, which already comprised four of the six provinces of Brasil. On November 25th, Portuguese envoys and the Brazilian Independent Government gathered in Rio de Janeiro to solve the situation diplomatically.


On December 4th, the Luso-Brazilian Compromise, or Treaty of Rio, established the dual monarchy of Portugal and Brazil. The main terms of the treaty were:
On December 4th, the Luso-Brasilian Compromise, or Treaty of Rio, established the dual monarchy of Portugal and Brazil. The main terms of the treaty were:


* Creation of a new Brazilian constitution, which were an adaptation of the Portuguese constitution, but with more political rights to Brazil;
* Creation of a new Brasilian constitution, which were an adaptation of the Portuguese constitution, but with more political rights to Brazil;
* The Kingdom of Brazil would consists of every Portuguese territory in South America, while the Kingdom of Portugal would consists of the rest of the empire;
* The Kingdom of Brasil would consists of every Portuguese territory in South America, while the Kingdom of Portugal would consists of the rest of the empire;
* Abolition of the title of Governor of Brazil and creation of the title of Prime Minister;
* Abolition of the title of Governor of Brasil and creation of the title of Prime Minister;
* Political rights to any man, regardless of his income;
* Political rights to any man, regardless of his income;
* Establishment of a single citizenship. Luso-Brazilian;
* Establishment of a single citizenship. Luso-Brasilian;
* Brazilians could be elected to all political offices;
* Brasilians could be elected to all political offices;
* End of Portuguese influence over local politics.
* End of Portuguese influence over local politics.


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